Lakhai and Habiganj Sadar upazilas on the north, Tripura State of India on the south, Chunarughat upazila and Tripura on the east, Brahmanbaria Sadar and Nasirnagar upazilas on the west.

Madhabpur upazila consists of one municipality, 11 union parishads, 180 mouzas and 288 villages.

Madhabpur Upazila is located in Habiganj District. Upazilla(s)/Thana(s) in Habiganj are Ajmiriganj Upazila, Baniachang Upazila, Bahubal Upazila, Chunarughat Upazila, Habiganj Sadar Upazila, Lakhai Upazila, Madhabpur Upazila, Nabiganj Upazila.